Formulación de una propuesta de rediseño de un humedal artificial de flujo subsuperficial para el mejoramiento del saneamiento básico ambiental del sector el porvenir, vereda los Soches, Usme

Actually, the pollution of water resources are part of the major environmental problems caused by the depletion of natural resources, this due to lack of planning at the time of creating and expanding settlements in the urban society. This lack of planning leads to the waste generated by communities...

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Autor Principal: Ramírez Barbosa, Yuly Estefany
Otros Autores: Rodríguez Gordillo, Daniela Alejandra
Formato: info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
Idioma: spa
Publicado: Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ingeniería. Ingeniería Ambiental y Sanitaria. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea: http://hdl.handle.net/10185/18697
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Sumario: Actually, the pollution of water resources are part of the major environmental problems caused by the depletion of natural resources, this due to lack of planning at the time of creating and expanding settlements in the urban society. This lack of planning leads to the waste generated by communities, in this case, the wastewater, are dumped into natural bodies of surface water without prior treatment, thus incurring two serious errors: mixing contaminated wastewater with rainwater and natural surface water, and do not ensure that the discharges generated not affect the physicochemical and microbiological quality of the water body. That is why, as the technical and scientific studies advance, have provided solutions to problems like this by creating, building and operating wastewater treatment systems, which combines various disciplines such as physics, chemistry and microbiology, for effective removal of pollutant loads. For this particular case, the main objective is to design and build a system of subsurface flow wetland as a means of treating domestic wastewater generated by the community of The Porvenir Sector, The Soches Village, Usme. For this, various materials and macrophytes were evaluated and macrophytes, selecting those with the best performance in terms of plant survival. Later, with the material- macrophytes most successful combination to build three pilot systems is performed, two of them with macrophytes (Cyperus Papyrus or “papyrus”), and the remaining with only the filter media (sand), in order to observe and analyze the influence Change of flow and the presence of vegetation on it. By characterizing the BOD5, COD, TSS, SSed, pH and temperature parameters, the removal efficiency of each wetland was determined, obtaining a significant reduction in the values of these parameters since the beginning of the operation until the end but observing transient increases with increasing flow rate. The removal percentages for BOD5 were obtained between 11.2% minimum removal percentage and 89.4% maximum for COD least 26.1% and 61.4% maximum removal percentage , on TSS 77.3% was obtained at least 97.7% and at most SSed removal was 42.9% or more and 85.7% or less. The pH in the system was always neutral because it values ranged between 7.0 and 7.4 pH units. Finally, we proceeded to design artificial wetland to be implemented in the sector Porvenir, taking into account the real population registered in the sector, the physicochemical characteristics of the wastewater generated by it and the ground conditions which already has a system of wetland artificial obsolete. Accordingly, it is concluded that the plumbing installed capacity of the existing artificial wetland subsurface flow in the sector is not sufficient to carry out the treatment process; for this reason the plumbing installed capacity for the proposed new design were calculated. Similarly, changing the physical dimensions of it is proposed, and the replacement of the granular material and macrophytes used. Based on the above, the respective planes with new dimensions obtained and operation and maintenance manual to include the community in the operation of the system and ensure efficient appropriation of it is generated.